Spring and conjunctivitis

A conjuntivite é uma doença ocular é muito comum e responsável por numerosas ausências escolares e ao trabalho. Agora que se inicia a primavera ela é mais frequente.

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, a thin, transparent membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the whites of our eyes. This eye disease is very common and is responsible for many absences from school and work. Now that spring is starting, they are more frequent. However, they can be caused by various factors, the most common being allergies, bacteria and viruses. It's important to know the characteristics of each one, as they are different, and what precautions we should take to avoid becoming infected.

Allergic conjunctivitis is caused by a reaction of our immune system to irritants such as dust, pollens, animal dander and dust mites. They are most common in spring and fall. The main symptoms are itching, red eyes, tearing and swelling of the eyelids. The secretions are mucous. In more severe cases, there may be a burning sensation and vision becomes blurred. Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis includes identifying and removing the irritating substance, if possible. In addition, your eye doctor may prescribe some antihistamine and anti-inflammatory drops. It's important to avoid scratching your eyes, as this can make the symptoms worse.

Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria that infect the conjunctiva. Symptoms include red eyes, swollen eyelids, tearing, purulent (yellowish) secretions and a feeling of sand in the eyes. In some cases, vision can become blurred. Your ophthalmologist may prescribe antibiotic drops and ointments, which usually improve within a week. It is important to follow your ophthalmologist's instructions regarding the dosage and duration of treatment to ensure its effectiveness. In addition, it is essential to keep your hands clean and avoid sharing towels and sheets to avoid spreading the infection.

Viral conjunctivitis, caused by adenovirus, is highly contagious and can be spread easily through contact with contaminated objects or close contact with an infected person. Symptoms include red eyes, tearing, itching, pain, sensitivity to light and blurred vision. The secretions are watery and very abundant. There is no specific treatment for viral conjunctivitis, but you can relieve the symptoms with cold compresses and over-the-counter lubricating eye drops. It's important to avoid scratching your eyes, sharing personal items and washing your hands frequently. As a rule, the symptoms are very intense at first and disappear in about two weeks. However, there are some strains of the virus that leave sequelae after the acute phase has passed. Therefore, if you notice that your vision has become blurred and you have great difficulty looking at light after the acute phase has passed, you should consult your eye doctor.

Source: "Observador.pt", April 2023.

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